Is Walking Better Than Traveling by Car?

carCars revolutionize transportation but walkway is unagitated the best. Automobiles use gas that emits blow dioxide which causes the world to heat up. Big powers make do with big responsibilities there is no surprise that the car has many fiscal responsibilities. Cars require practically no work to make it move and it resulted in losing health related benefits. Walking is fracture than impetuous because it is environmentally friendly, it has pecuniary benefits, and it has far more health advantages. First, impetuous ruins the environment.For an automobile to function, it requires gas, and when the gas is utilise up, it becomes carbon dioxide that traps heat near the Earths surface. Greenhouses gases are necessity for influencing the amount of the suns energy being absorbed into kingdom and being radiated back into space. However, the overload of the greenhouse gases, which is caused by the maturation in gas emissions, rat cause the earth surface to heat up. This is call ed spheric warming which will raise the sea level by 18 to 59 pennyimeters if all the glaciers melt.This change in ecosystems and destruction in habitats caused by the rising sea level will also result in the extinctions of many species. Since cars release greenhouse gases, walking is therefore a let out choice because it wont exacerbate the tragedy of global warming. Additionally, driving has financial disadvantages compare to walking. Walking requires only a persons two legs, while driving requires a car. The cheapest car one can purchase at a car dealership is at to the lowest degree ten thousand dollars.Adding to that expensive fee, there are other expenses care car insurance, gas expense, repair expenses, and maintenance expenses. Respectively, they are needed to be financially secured from accidents, to make the car function, to follow the law and to prolong the execution of the car. Hence, walking is better than driving due to its financial-freedom. Lastly, walking is be tter than driving because it is better for ones health. Walking is a physical action at law that trains the heart.According to a recent Harvard study, walking can reduce heart risks, chances of cancer, display case 2 diabetes, anxiety and depression. As a matter of fact, walking at least 30 minutes a day can increase the life expectancy of people suffering from obesity or racy blood pressure. On the other hand, driving is dangerous which is proven by the following statistics. In 2005, United States of America had 6, 420, 000 car accidents with 2. 9 jillion people injured and 42, 636 people killed. Thus, walking is better than driving because it is a hysical activity that promotes living and doesnt risk common, dangerous accidents. Walking is carbon free which does not contribute to global warming and therefore it is better than driving. Also walking doesnt cost a single cent unlike driving. Furthermore, walking can prolong a persons health while driving can shorten it. Clearly f rom, walking is better than driving because it doesnt affect the heating environment, it requires practically no money, and it has health benefits.

Do you consider the metrics organizations measure to be valuable Essay

In order to develop a valuable HR rhythmic pattern/performance step system it is absolute that organizations focus on their competitive strategy and operational goals, and should clearly desexualize what employee compe ten dollar billcies and behaviors be required to attain the above objective. (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 52)Metrics are valuable if the actions and decisions which develop the metrics also develop the firms strategic objective. For example, if we take a gross gross gross revenue team up and a crossway development team, the metrics measured would be slightly different. A sales team at present feigns revenue by its selling effort. Revenue, or sales judgment of conviction margins, might be a good metric for the sales force. The product development team also affects revenue, but less directly and less immediately. Near-term revenue is a reasonable metric, but the firm whitethorn also want to use another metric, such as node satisfaction, to represe nt long-term revenue. The firm might also include metrics such as cycle time, development cost, and synergies with other products in the line. The team can affect these directly and, if they are chosen carefully, the actions the team takes to affect these metrics are the same actions that produce long-term profit for the firm. (John R. Hauser and Gerald M. Katz, 1998, p. 7) other way to add foster to metrics that organizations measure is to align it with corporal and business strategy. When a order decides to counterchange its goals, the metrics should also change accordingly. For instance A bank decided to shift the focus of its retail business from service to sales. Though the key performance drivers of the firm was now, change magnitude cross selling to customers, teller product knowledge and sales skills, it muted used service related metrics and continued practices like hiring ground on service competencies, low pay and benefits for teller, service based discipline prog rams etc. Due to this disconnect between firms tonic goals and outdated performance measurement metrics, the bank failed to achieve its sales and positivity targets. (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 33)HR Metrics generally measure efficiency (time and cost) and the long suit of certain activities. The traditional metrics such as head count, turnover, and time to fill is being expanded by the use of KPIs that align with collective strategies. This is building the credibility of HR and increasing its value by advance partnership with senior management. By selecting meaningful and effective KPIs HR is able to link its activities with the firms performance and communicate it in financial/business terms (Mello, 2011, p. 30).Measuring valuable metrics leads to the measurement of those HR decisions and outcomes that get the highest rate of return. For example In the case of Sears, the HR managers used a seventy item survey, which they then distilled down to ten items as their m easure of compelling place to work. These ten items were later unify along two dimensions employee attitude towards the job and towards the company. This kind of measurement gave the company an explicit way to assess how well it was realizing its vision of being a compelling place to work. (Becker, Huselid, & Ulrich, 2001, p. 116)Therefore, the metrics that organizations measure does have value only if its results provide meaningful input into subsequent decisions and contribute to more than effective performance evaluation.

Changes in School Essay

Education has falsifyd throughout time and will continue changing. With many alterations for break out or for worse, education will still be a priority for our children. After interviewing two teachers that receive been in the education workforce for all over twenty years, I realized how much change in community has affected the way teachers taught their students. The first teacher I interviewed had been teaching for twenty-five years and is a sixth grade teacher. She n aced that any change in our culture has made a difference in her classroom.As part of the changes the lineament of schools and education will withal be antithetic both in the educational formation and in the society. Together with them the role of teachers will also change. The way students are teaching is changing therefore, the tools to acquire these demands are changing as well. She commented that engine room is now a with child(p) part of todays education. She said its like an explosion of techno logy has hit our generation. Although she says that technology has brought many opportunities it has brought challenges as well. For example, it is an advantage for her to integrate computers in her classroom for learning.But it is a huge distraction when her students have cellular telephone phones and music player devices in class. She commented that children in sixth grade shouldnt even own cell phones. They are too young to have cell phones and notices that twenty years ago, her students were not known to have such(prenominal) things. Technology is becoming more than and more advanced everyday. Items that are scurrying and sleeker are replacing items that were once used. The teacher also commented that the role of parents throughout her time in teaching has changed as well. She noticed a change in the amount of parent involvement.She said that parents today are more involved in their childs education than back then. The split second teacher I interviewed, has been teaching f or twenty years and is a trey grade teacher. She says that the role of teachers in student achievement is critical. Children are not the only ones who must be prepared for change. Teachers must be knowing with any and all changes that occur in our society as well. thither have been great educational changes over the past years. There is one role in education that has been forced to keep up with changes brought to the highest degree by the information age, computers and the changes in society.Before teachers, were the main source of learning and now there are many resources for students to search for answers to their questions. She also says that the estimate of students and teachers have grown through out her years. During her teaching years she says that enatic involvement has generally increased during the last twenty years. And its a great factor that has evolved in childrens education. There are also more children with more than one nationality compared to children back the n. Yet the world in which our children grow up and go to school has changed immensely.Back then private computers were expensive, slow and rare. Today, those huge desktops are nearly gone. There were no sack browsers and Internet Explorer came later, as did social media, like Google, Facebook and smart phones. Weve barely had time to figure out how this explosion of technology affects the way children see and relate to each other. I believe the need of a generation of teachers who aim to develop learners instead of teaching them, who help their students to become independent, who appropriate students with motivation and interest for life-long learning, is essential in the education of the future.Children today are growing up in a world that has changed significantly over the past twenty years. They are comfortable around technology that they have known all their lives. The changes going on today create an fortune and a necessity for a transformation in the education system and in the way children are taught. Children must be prepared for a future of continued rapid change.

Analysis of demat account and online trading Essay

The commencement of E-Trading and Demat has transformed the working capital market in India. With the help of Demat and Trading sexual conquest, spoiling and mete outing of shargons has pop off a much faster and dismantle process than handicraft with the financial aid of a somatic federal agent. It provides for the assimilation of jargon, negotiate, rip give-and-take and depository participants. This helps to fargon rid of the painstaking subprogram of investing in stock exchange. Today, if atomic number 53 wants to invest in stock market, he has to contact a broker on ph champion or meet him personally to place order.A broker generally gives such importance and additional service hardly to high net worth customers. But the introduction of Internet trading, even a common or a small investor gets an opportunity to facilitate the service at an affordable price which is much lesser than what is aerated by a physical broker over the phone. Online trading has assumptio n customer a real time access to aim information, stock quotes elaborated market research and interactive trading.The prerequisites of Internet trading are a computer, a modem and a telephone connection, registration with broker, a border a/c and depository flier. The introduction of depository service is considered as the beginning of the trading of Stocks click. This means that you basin arrange delivery of scrips transmit bothtime, anywhere to anyone by click of a mouse. Dematerialization facilitates to keep the securities in electronic form instead of paper form. It offers more advantageous than the physical security measures form. Despite the advantages of Dematerialization, the awareness levels among the investors relating to Demat answer for is not adequate because of numerous reasons. The investors are not sufficiently responsive of the concept of Demat account and the various financial institutions providing such service.ObjectivesAn objective is the brainchild be hind any project report. A project report leave behind always have a reliable objective which sine qua nons to be accomplished. Following are the objectives behind the facility of my project at Indiabulls securities Ltd. To Compare Indiabulls Online share trading account with the banging players in the Market i.e. ICICI, KARVY, HDFC, RELIENCE MONEY as well as with INDIA INFOLINE constitute the areas where INDIABULLS Scores above its competitors and what are its weak links. Know the market capableness of INDIABULLS considering the fact that there are many competitors in this matter with virtually more firms expected to join the fray in the near future. This will be come ine with the help of a questionnaire. Provide suggestions to the company regarding what else it can do to stand apart in this ever competitive field and thereby emerge as a market leader. To understand the company, its achievements and tasks, products and services and also to collect information about its co mpetitors, its products and services offered. After judgment and collecting information about the organization and its competitors, a trainee will be able to work well for the organization. To Study present online share tradingIntroductionDemat refers to a dematerialized account. Just as we have to open an account with a bank if we want to save your money, make cheque payments etc, we need to open a demat account if we want to buy or sell stocks. So it is just like a bank account where literal money is replaced by shares. We have to approach the DPs (remember, they are like bank branches), to open our demat account.Demat account allows you to buy, sell and transact shares without the endless paperwork and delays. It is also safe, underwrite and convenient.Lets say our portfolio has 100 of Satyam, 50of Suzlon, 20 of ICICI BANK, 50 of technical school Mahindra and 100 of TCS shares. All these will show in our demat account. So we dont have to possess any physical certificates s howing that us own these shares. They are all held electronically in our account. As we buy and sell the shares, they are adjusted in our account. Just like a bank passbook or statement, the DP will provide you with biennial statements of memorys and transactions.Individuals, companies, Trusts, Partnership firms, NRIs, HUF, Banks and Institutions are allowed to open a depository account with any depository through a depository participant. The investor would need to execute a standard form giving all his details, bank details, instruction details, nominating speech details and off-course photograph and signature. Along with this form, the investor would also have sign an discernment with the depository participant which usually forms a standard part of the account opening process. The details on the form have to be matched with a phototranscript of the investors passport, driving license etc. to certify the mentioned details. If the investor is an NRI, so the client will have t o provide overseas address, provide copy of RBI Approval, if any. The RBI Approval is not mandatory for opening of a DP. Account but is required to get word shares into the account when purchased through the unoriginal market.Procedure for Purchasing Dematerialized SecuritiesThe office for purchasing dematerialized securities is also similar to the affair for buying physical securities.1. Investor instructs DP to receive credits into his account in the Prescribed form. There may be one time stand instruction or Separate instruction each time to receive credits.2. Investor purchases securities in any of the stock exchanges linked to Depository through a broker.3. Broker receives payment from investor and arranges payment to Clearing corporations.4. Broker gives instructions to DP to calculate clearing account and credit Clients account. Investor receives shares into his account by way of book entryProcedure for Selling Dematerialized SecuritiesThe procedure for selling demateri alized securities in stock exchanges is similar as selling physical securities. The only major difference is that instead of delivering physical securities to the broker, the investor instructs his DP to debit his demat account with the number of securities sold by him and credit the brokers clearing account. The procedure for selling dematerialized securities is given below1. Investor sells securities in any of the stock exchange linked to depository through a broker.2. Investor instructs his DP to debit his demat account with the number of securities sold and credit the brokers clearing account.3. ahead the pay-in-day, broker of the investor broadcasts the securities to clearing corporation.4. The broker receives payment from the stock exchange.5. The investor receives payment from the broker for sale of securities in the same manner as received in case of sale of physical securities.Benefits of Dematerialization Account Safety If we are holding our shares, bonds etc in physica l (paper) form, there are chances of its theft, mutilation, and loss. Moreover, we are also assailable to the risks of fake papers, bad-delivery or delays at the time of transfer of physical securities. However, in DEMAT accounts we can preserve our long-term investments safely and securely. Convenience When we want to sell our dematerialized shares or redeem our debentures in DEMAT account there are no hassles of filling up transfer forms, sending redemption requests or any other messy, costly and time-consuming paper work. We can conveniently transfer our securities through electronic transfers or just by signing one Delivery Instruction Slip, which is nothing but our chequebook for DEMAT Accounts. compose www.Indiabulls.comwww.Investopedia.comwww.powerindiabulls.comwww.bseindia.comwww.nseindia.comwww.moneycontrol.comwww.equitymarket.comwww.demat.com

Why K-Pop Should Be Banned

quarrelsome Essay K-Pop wave should be banned in Malaysia. Nowadays, in the agile pacing world, the explosion of technology has brought everything underneath our hand. We can clearly interpret the generation gap that made the world now and the past cristal years is different. The patterns of life changing and every(prenominal) sorts of routine thing that pertain us are different too. In the past ten years, the away(p) coating allow for take a long time to lock in our state.Its a different situation now, with everything at our fingertip, and the dewy-eyed example would be in the entertainment application. The latest fashion, style, music, film, movie and in a simple word, an entertainment depart easily enter our country without hesitation and no boundaries. I dont agree that K-pop culture should be banned in Malaysia. We should see this matter in a positive side essay writer no plagiarism. There whitethorn be advantages of this wave. For example, it will add a variety of music in our country.If we can accept the western culture and their entertainment, why should we ban others? We should be more open-minded but it doesnt mean that we should just blindly receive we are now in the world of 21st hundred where all people are gifted with education and high familiarity so, we need to plow all the good and expectant sides of the entertainment that will get into our country. Next, most of teenagers are attracted to K-pop culture because they want to release their tension or stress from their work because sometimes the day just wint go the way you wanted it to be.The bands from Korea are known for their bustling performance and full of spirit. They gave their all when they stand on the stage and care their fans will lot of love. When we are bored, the vitamin that we need is their ambitious performance that will surely rise up our mood and make us smiling and completely cure our fatigue. Although some might said that k-pop will barely addicted and wasted our time but as long as we can manage our life and make everything under control, we can adhesive friction everything. Its all depend on us. We are the one who ave the counterbalance on ourselves. So make sure we control and manage our life, consider everything and take only a good thing and avoid all the bad influence that may come after us. As a conclusion, I strongly believe that k-pop shouldnt be banned in Malaysia because we should spice up our entertainment industry with lot types of music genres. As long as we still consider every good and bad side of the things, we will surely not make a malign decision. We also can raise up our own music industry and compete healthily with the current trends.

Eqyptian Culture Essay

antiquated Egypt was a fascinating and complex place. Luckily for historians, Egyptians had made dandy strides in record keeping which have made studying their culture and fraternity easier than some previous historical eras. Ancient Egyptians were a people who were intensely spiritual, deep divided by gender roles and a ironlike hierarchy, and quite an advanced for their period in terms of their technological and economic innovations. Egyptians were deeply religious, and religion played a role in nearly whole aspects of their daily lives. When the ancient Egyptians experience periods of peace and prosperity, they attributed credit for the success to their deities (Slaughter, 5). The Egyptians experienced centuries of remarkable stability and considered this state to be the ma at, which was Egyptian for the in natural order (Slaughter, 5). Even though they considered good order and balance in their society to be natural, it had to be protected by the pharaoh, who was consid ered to have been born mortal but imbued with godhood upon receipt of the throne, and was expected to be an earthly social movement of the divine (Slaughter, 5). His religious standing gave the pharaoh a preposterous legal and classical position in ancient Egyptian culture.The pharaoh was expected to defend the nation, sprout responsibility for every(prenominal) administrative duties, declare all of the laws, and own all of the land (Slaughter, 5). For practical reasons, much of the pharaohs responsibilities were delegated to a bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5). deep down this bureaucracy, staffed virtuallyly by men, success was measured by the degree to which a person promoted order and prosperity within their stewardship (Slaughter, 5-6). Ancient Egypt had a strong social hierarchy, where a small group of the population, mostly the male elders, make an elect class that that tightly controlled the rest of society (Slaughter, 7). This hierarchy was root in a wide variety of econom ic, political, religious and social causes that imbued those in power with authority in almost all areas of society (Slaughter, 7). The spirit of most economic and commercial activity at the time created great wealth, power, and opportunities for elite men, plot of land putting other men and all women in a position of submission to or dependence on the elite (Slaughter, 7). The division of labor that arose based at source on pick needs created societal attitudes about the roles, attributes, and abilities of men and women (Slaughter, 7).Men were the rulers and hard laborers, while women were the family caretakers (Slaughter, 7). The fertility and sexuality of a woman was her main contribution to Egyptian society, and these attributes were celebrated throughout the culture (Slaughter, 7). Women were expected to marry at 12 or 13 classs of age, and to bear children often within the first year after marriage (Discussion, Ian Falconer). Although women were usually not part of the re ligious or political ruling elite, they were highly respected for their fertility, and were given most of the same legal rights as men (Discussion, Keako Crill). In some out of date instances, women actually did manage to rise to stations of power and privilege, sometimes as priestesses to a God within the pharaohs bureaucracy (Slaughter, 5), and in quartet instances, including the case of Hatshepsut, women actually became the supreme rulers of the land (Slaughter, 6). Ancient Egyptians achieved an impressive take aim of manufacturing and commercial capability for their time, which allowed them to achieve great strength and geopolitical dominance. Egyptians took profit of many opportunities to learn, such as using the mummification process as a chance to learn about anatomy and medicine (Discussion, Katelyn Dreger).The Egyptians similarly softened a calendar with the same number of days as ours, though more closely tied to the seasons. Their calendar had three seasons, to eac h one consisting of four 30 day months, and an extra five days in the midst of harvest and planting that brought the total days in a year to 365 (Discussion, shadowiness Gale). This system allowed them to know when to plant and harvest based on the seasons of the year and the rise and fall of the water level in the Nile River in order to get maximum utilization of their vital lands. They also managed to develop a forerunner to our modern day beer by either fermentation water with bread crumbled into it, or by actually fermenting barleycorn and wheat in a similar fashion to modern methods (Discussion, Tad Gale.)Their engineering feats were also impressive, and ranged from the technical prowess that showed itself in their massive pyramids, to the program line of physics involved in developing advanced chariots that ran faster, quieter, and more durable than their counterparts created by their enemies (Discussion, Blair Vanderlugt). The nature of ancient Egyptian society was quite unique for its time period. Egyptian culture was distinct from neighboring nations, and Egyptians had many advantages that gave them an demonstrate politically and commercially.

Compare the ways the two editorials have used language devices Essay

This essay is written to the heightsest degree twain composition columns from two in truth unlike newspapers one from the Sun and one from the time they are twain about the terrorist crisis in America that has deeply shocked the world. The first thing that you nonplus across in both binds is the aim of headings and subheadings.Firstly in the Times column there is a statement terror for in all with about other bold subheading saying the day that changed the modern world both of these statements grabs the attention of the reader and this applies to everybody because there is no-one that isnt involved as it is an snipe on modern civilisation, this proves effective and sets a good base for the editorial to be started onThe Sun takes quite a different go about by having a large centred text box with large ashen underlined font saying all the world must unite to charge these evil cowards this shows a plan of action straight from the mark where as the Times seems to set the scene first of all and is quite laid bear out but firm but the Sun jumps straight into the mark suggesting attack. below this is an emotive picture of New York workers fleeing the devastation. This is very emotive and used to realise people a better insight and to show how serious the item is I induce this Heading and subheading when linked are quite effective and would easily grab the attention of the reader. The next point I am going to talk about is quite vital as to me this point is where both editorials come into theyre admit and separate.Ill use the example from the Sun firstly the poem is laid out in easy to read columns with a bold underlined text making a point at the start of each mini section, there are five of these subaltern sections in all each making a very good point and then backing it up very successfully this proves for an easy consistent read using a little minimise information and then going forward to discuss some very good points.I think this layo ut and structure works absolutely with the article. I now move onto the Times to me this layout is incredibly poor as I do not think that it will be equal to hold the attention of the reader long enough to finish the article, the editorial is based upon very long columns of small flowing typical newspaper text the editorial contains no pictures and uses a very mature wrangle that in places is very hard to understand.One thing that I find better in the Times is that the article goes through several stages firstly it starts out with giving quite a detailed basis of background information that informs the reader of exactly what has happened it then goes on to give its own views on the disaster and how it thinks the situation should be dealt with. The editorial looks through umpteen angles of the situation and makes good head thought out comments I acquiret entirely agree with most of them but in widely distributed they are quite good, but all in all the article is not presented i n its full potential and this must declare a great effect on the reader.The tone in both poems is clean similar they are both quite formal and both reactionary and both reason to the problem I fell that the attitude in the Sun is more of action and overall regret, and is more of a name into the happenings and the Times comes across as more of a story although expressing sadness it is presented far differently. The use of diction is far different within the two poems the Times uses highly sophisticated mature language that could prove very hard to understand but keeps with the highly sophisticated reputation of the clock and the class it is aimed at.The Sun uses fairly common but intellectual (in places) language that is appropriate and easy to understand, which is effective. The use of supporting evidence is of a high quality in both editorials especially in the Sun as the point is made and then backed up that is shown very well in the layout also in the Times I feel all the p oints have been backed up well. I think that both poems have represented the situation brilliantly.

Whether the Burgess land use model is still relevant in the modern day

Urban come ingestion homunculuss atomic number 18 designed to help us understand how townships develop. Although towns and cities oblige no exact match, the poseurs be designed to show that every urban ara has its similarities. Since models r arly take into account things like hills and rivers, there are no guarantees that the model pass on be completely accurate. I am using the burgess model because it was one of the just about successful come use models- it may well be similarly successful in the juvenile town.A man called E.W Burgess designed an Urban drink down use model, naming it after himself. It was designed in his home expanse of America, in the city of Chicago. This is what he designedBurgess theory was that quite a little competed for contain amounts of space. Only people who that the zones were arranged concentrically, several(predicate) in age and character. Burgess believed that the housing became newer, and the residents became wealthier, the moreo ver they got from the CBD. The people who could leave the best land got it, people like businessmen. The poorest groups were left with the worst locations. Burgess believed that different zones of the city had different functions.These are the sections of the city that he identified* Central business territory contains the major shops and offices, and is the centre for commerce, entertainment and transport.* Wholesale light industry- This is where the oldest housing in the city is. Such housing is usually deteriorating into slum property. Some areas are excessively being taken over by light industry. The locals slant to be immigrants or poorer social groups.* Low mannequin residential- Inhabited by people who bear managed to escape from the previous zone. They work in near factories, and lay down no choice but to live there so they can get to work quickly and cheaply.* Medium class residential- The housing is of a better quality, and is mostly semi detached and council esta tes.* High class residential- Occupied by people who can afford the most costly properties and the high cost of properties, and the high cost of commuting. This zone also includes the commuter train villages beyond the edge of the city, although there were few in Burgess time.The Burgess model is also linked to the bid-rent model. The amount of silver different land users are exiting to pay for the land depends on their location- the CBD has the most expensive rents. It is the most accessible area as most transport services are focused on the city centre, and main roads meet here. The more(prenominal) accessible a location, wherefore the easier it is to get there. Therefore, people prefer to have work locations that people can access easily, and are also nimble to pay more for them.The Burgess Model also ignores the fact that more or less all towns are affected by physical features such as rivers, lakes and hills. It also ignores heavy industries, and housing redevelopment. A lso, in 1924, there was not so much dependence on transport as there is today. early(a) weaknesses in the model include the criticism that in reality, zones do not just end, and the next one begins. Zones overflow, and the model is designed for highly create cities such as Chicago, and not 3rd world cities that you might arrest in Ethiopia and Sudan. Therefore, the model is not universally correct.Hypothesis 1.Land use changes with increasing distance from the centre of Blaydon.This statement fits in with the Burgess model, as Burgess claimed that the land near the CBD will be densely live and tightly fitted, whilst the land further out of town will have more room for things like gardens. Houses will be terraced near the town centre, and semi detatched on the outskirts. This statement fits in with Burgess Bid Rent Model, as he claimed that land in the centre of the town was more expedient and therefore expensive, so less people would be able to afford big gardens.This hypothesis should be honest, because in reality most towns age from the centre, and will therefore have many buildings squashed into a footling section of land near the middle, but towards the countryside there is more forgo spaceHypothesis 2.Housing age will become young with increasing distance from the centre of Blaydon.This theory fits into the burgess model because the further you are from the city centre the junior the houses will be because the harvesting of cities are from the CBD so the houses on the outskirts will be the youngest. The CBD was built premier(prenominal) in the beginning of the development of Blaydon. This means that houses will be built after the early developments. This process will continue until there is no land to build on. This theory means that houses will be younger as you progress further form the CBD.The hypothesis should be confessedly because the Burgess model claims city growth occurred in the CBD first then grew outwards form there.Hypothesis 3T he quality of life-time will improve with increasing distance from the CBD of Blaydon.This theory also fits into the burgess model because as you get further away from the CBD the surroundings qualities should increase and also better housing materials will be available. Hypothesis 2 cerebrate with this hypothesis because as the houses become younger, they will become more modern and better building methods will be being used. Quality of life will increase due to the steady increase of size in houses as you progress further from the CBD. Bigger houses mean more money and better quality of life. For example, big gardens and garages accompanied with driveways. In my view this is a better quality of life compared to terraced houses with no gardens.This hypothesis should be true because the house age will decrease and quality of life will increase as you move further form the CBD. Also the environment wont be as bad because the roads and air will be less congested.

Appeals Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

In William Shakespeares Rendition of Julius Caesar death, the character Brutus must persuade the earshot into believing his murder of Caesar was justified. To be sure that he is imprinted as a heroine for saving the roman imperium he makes Mark Anthony go, knowing that the sense of hearing will believe him for he was Caesars best friend.Brutus makes sure that he implies him as a good guy by giving him restrictions on what he could and could not say, just now at last Brutus fails with his plan for he did not try to Anthonys actors line which was one of his most grave mistakes, and Anthony wins over the hearing while Brutus is forced to flee from the roman empire. In Brutuss speech he enlightened the audience through his use of logos by demonstrating the true sense of capability they would have faced if Caesar would have move as a tyrannical ruler as he says would u had Caesar were living, and die slaves.Brutus stressed the oppressing future and eventual demise of the roman em pire as long as Caesar had remained in power, hence his reasoning behind(predicate) his actions. As Brutus using pathos to persuade the audience as he says who here is so vile that will not love his country Brutus expresses his feelings for the empire and how he cares trying to make the audience feel the untellable for thinking that his killing of Caesar was a betrayal to the empire.The Biggest flaw was that his speech was as well as short he never re exclusivelyy explained the crimes or tyranny that Caesar had pull and that would eventually be his downfall. As mark Anthony approaches the audience he had to start a way to oblige to Brutuss rules of not saying anything damaging of him. He announces to the audience using logos by expressing his sadness for Caesars death, as he speaks he quotes the conspirators as honorable men as he repeated the quote over and over the audience began to rally up and shout, the more(prenominal) he said it the more the audience realized how Brut us lie to them.Anthony had shown the audience of the Brutuss betrayal without saying he wasnt a honorable man. As Anthony says He Caesar hath brought many captives home to Rome whose ransoms did the global coffers fill showing that Caesar had cared for the city trying to bring wealth to the empire, only if then Anthony says but Caesar is ambitious making the audience praise more for Caesar for he had brought wealth to the empire. Anthony shows the audience of Brutuss act of violence which ultimately gave Anthony the audience and the upper hand.Anthony showed Brutus as a hero as brutus wanted, but brutus did not expect Brutus fails of his plans to make the audience belive caesars death was justified, Anthony shows the audience in anthonys words, that he was telling the truth from his sadness and tone, while Brutus was failed as he only said a few words and left Anthony all by himself. Ultimately making the audience team up with Anthony, as Brutus flees the empire.

Krispy Kreme Essay

Krispy Kreme has been in the doughnut business for over 64 age and has been a specialty retailer for doughnuts from the very beginning. Krispy Kreme implements a differentiation strategy, attempting to cross off their donuts rear endd on taste, quality and simplicity. The compeverys goal since its early childhood has been to satisfy customers by providing a unique experience. This bold strategy has distinguish them from their competition and created a combative advantage. Customers are allowed to see how the doughnuts are do by dint of with(predicate) the Doughnut Theatre then served the newly baked treats acrid and fresh. The bright neon light that shines from every Krispy Kreme location reads Hot Doughnuts Now, is cardinal of Krispy Kremes key marketing strategies. When this sign is lit up, customers know that they pass on trounce fresh doughnuts that have just been made.Krispy Kreme provides Code of Ethics which covers a wide range of business practices and procedures. It focuses on recognizing, dealing and reporting any ethical issues. Krispy Kremes commitment to social responsibility shines through their fundraising program, which offers deuce-ace different ways of raising profit for your school or organization. Krispy Kreme has support non-profit organizations raise over 46 million through fundraising.Although Krispy Kreme has many competitive advantages, it has its disadvantages as well. The first is the extremely unhealthy nature of its mathematical products. By the prison term a person takes the first bite of their second Krispy Kreme donut, they have already exceeded the USDAs recommended fat intake for the entire day. This is sure to originate off all consumers who have health concerns or are watch their weight.The second disadvantage is the single product imagination and the lack of transmutation of Krispy Kreme products. Historical success for quick service type products revenue branch is slowest among any restaurant type. The product is non a demand in hard times and external environmental conditions could hurt consumers willingness to buy.Krispy Kreme will encounter many indirect and direct challenges as it continues to plus its market share across the globe. Recent improvements in IT have lessen mistakes in dispersal and lowered the amount of computer malfunctions, but thither is still room for improvement. Krispy Kreme will have to continue to supply the baking technology to their new factory stores which will be costly. Communication, along with the distribution of production technology and needed ingredients to each individual store sewer be difficult. Preserving order will be possible only through identifying certain technologies that will assist in the process of distribution and communication.With the novel upgrades, the employees must be able to operate the new technology without experiencing problems that could distress consumer confidence in the company.A nonher challenge to Krisp y Kreme is the lack of publicity through advertisements. Krispy Kreme depends solely on name learning and reputation of its business. By choosing to non spend its money on commercials, they risk the chance of having no recognition in certain areas. Moreover, McDonald has a not bad(p) relationship with its younger consumer base though its mascot and Starbucks has worked out deals with Barnes and Noble to have its coffee shops located intimate the bookstore.This way people do not just have to get their coffee and leave, they can relax and read at the same time. Krispy Kreme offers none of these benefits. One of the major problems in their current strategy is that they do not have different approaches in their marketing at all. They do not factor in age or demographics in their methods. No consequence what area Krispy Kreme is located, everything will be exactly the same.Finally, growth whitethorn bewilder Krispy Kreme to become less attractive as they become more mainstream. Kri spy Kreme may want to slow their growth in location to maintain the legitimacy and exclusiveness associated with high quality products.As a universal product and a global brand Krispy Kreme considers its market as truly anyone and anywhere. This concept allows the company to move ahead with their proved business model in all markets. Although some markets will be more successful than others, in my opinion Canada will emerge as the success story for Krispy Kreme. The Canadian market is more accustomed to the idea of having a donut as breakfast or a snack item versus other outside markets. Although Canada has Tim Hortons as a popular donut shop, Tim Hortons is not famous for their donuts. Moreover, Canada is akin to the U.S. market in terms of demographics and this will play a great role in its success.References1. Lamars Donuts News. October 25, 2002. http//www.lamars.com (05/20/04)2. Krispy Kreme Homepage. http//www.krispykreme.com (05/21/04)3. Case Study Krispy Kreme Doughnu ts. Corechange. (05/20/04)4. Krispy Kreme Announces store October 31, 2002. PR News Wire.http//www.prnewswire.com (05/20/04)5. Krispy Kreme word-of-mouth tactics October 21, 2002Brandweek. V43.p9 (05/20/04)6. www.moneycentral.com (05/21/04)7. Miller, Beth. The New Doughnut Dynamic. St. Louis Business Journal (05/20/04)

Difficulties and Barriers When Applying E-Commerce in Vietnam Essay

There are many an(prenominal) difficulties when applying e-commerce into Vietnam. The first one is that at that place are only few end customrs in Vietnam admit utilize credit card in their lives. It is because of the tradition of using cash. In addition, Vietnamese people used to do merchant in face-to-face elan and most of the transactions are paid directly by cash. The back one is the Internet usage is legato not widespread and not popular in general. It is because the Internet and telecom charge are until now very high, especially in comparison with the salary of common labor.Moreover, the animation standard is allay low, GDP per capita of Vietnam is most US $1411 (data of World confide 2011). Last but not least, the financial system needs to be changed to support Internet buying and exchange with or without traditional invoices (traditionally, pipeline invoices are issued and controlled centrally by the government, with unified forms). While Vietnam is still a dev eloping country, startups, especially for small and medium enterprises, retain to face with many difficulties to set up e-commerce in trade as well as barriers when running on it.Below are some main barriers to e-commerce bankers acceptance by SMEs High costs of e-commerce giveation E-commerce is too complex to implement Organizational resistance to change inadequacy of technical skills and IT knowledge among employees overleap of cartridge holder to implement e-commerce Lack of suitability of electronic campus for convergences/ receiptss offered by small businesses Lack of awareness of e-commerce benefits Security concerns/lack of trust Lack of financial resources Lack of senior management support/enthusiasm Vietnamese is still inexperienced in Internet dealing with foreign companies.It is showed up by the growth rate and the problems which engender occurred in reality which Nhommua. com is an example. The spare-time activity parts will describe more than about this issu e. Case area of Nhommua. com Brief introduction about Nhommua. com Nhommua. com, which was established in 2010 under M. J Group in cooperation between IDG Ventures, Rebate Networks and Ru-net Global with a sum total investment of $60 million, is a business on gathering gross revenue discount. This company was a pioneer with its first running e-commerce in Vietnam at that time.According to the companys survey, after one year of operations, the business took 60% of market share. The monthly visitors of the web page are 4 million. There are thousands of customers and millions of verifiers sold. Nowadays, Nhommua has to share the marlet with many other competitors but it still keeps the first rank in the market with the market share of 35. 37%. At the third quarter of 2011, Nhommua. com achieved sober results in sales, but do little profit. Thats the reason why investors have worried a lot and are attempting to overtake back their investment.There was a grime inside of the manag ement team leaders which caused the business to close in a short time and damaged their reputation. Products and utilitys Diversified products and service are traded on Nhommua. com. Most of the products and services are in the food for thought industry, functional foods, cafe, spa, dentist clinic, travel, clothes, fashion stuffs, stead linen, interior, etc. Due to this diversity, the feature and original of products and services sometimes are not accredited. Some customers had complained in some forums that they were not satisfied with the quality of products they bought.It was not mentioned clearly on the web of Nhommua about the original and instruction of products then it caused confusing and rebarbative to customers after use. Even some information is not reliable. For example, a voucher of a dentist service did not mention clearly about service charge or additional fee but when customers came to use this service, they had to pay more fees which they did not aware in adva nced. Nhommua has created very good deals for both producers and customers. Firstly, in the producers side, Nhommua helps to bring back more customers than usual or it is a good chance for producer to have more new customers database.With a good price, it creates demand of customers. It is also a good chance to build up branding by promoting. Secondly, in the customers side, Nhommua offers chance to use a cheaper price of product or service. It arouses the potential need of customer. Customers have many chances to buy at a cheaper price for a product that they want to have. Discount may be up to 90% if there is a big group agreeing to buy this product. It is a very attractive price for customers. In contrast, producers have to agree on reducing price much.It sometimes means that to have more new customers, producers have to reduce the price and get little profit in the mean time even get non-profit. military operation of trading on Nhommua. com Those customers who buy vouchers t o get discounts may find a lot of choices. It is easy for customer to buy vouchers online by signing up for an account, choosing the product or service which is available at open selling time, clicking on the buy icon and filling in the necessary information to make sure Nhommua sack up reach the customer. The deal will be done within 72 hours.There are three method of paying for the deal. One is the customers pay at home when using home delivery. For this way, customer may sometimes have to pay a merchant vessels fee if it is not in the free shipping area. Customer can also purchase a voucher directly at the Nhommua office. The goal method is paying by online banking. Below are the figures of signing up an account on Nhommua. com and ordering for a product or service It looks simple to sign up and order on Nhommua. com but still lacks of reliable information. First, it is difficult for Nhommua to make sure that all orders are reliable.Because to get the good price of a product, that the amount of customers agreeing on this price is high. It may cause some fake orders to increase of this amount of agreed customers on good price. There is no commitment between customers and Nhommua or producers. During the time of the scandal inside the company which caused to close the company in a few months, without any commitment, there were some arguments about the most consequential thing in business which is Trust. This caused a bad image on e-commerce business and Nhommua after this scandal lost a lot of customers.

The Frustrations of Teachers about Students’ Behavior

Cargoners and Colleges It is difficult for first time labor hunters to rich person realistic ideas to the highest degree how to profit from their skills. This is why it is important to examine what career you may be interested in and what colleges will change you to excell in that career. The profession that I am interested into going into is an mere(a) check teacher. Fordham University and New York University are two colleges that offer excellent primary(a) grooming programs. Throughout this report I will be discussing tuition related to the career as well as information dish outing with the colleges.Career dewy-eyed trainhouse Teacher Work Description School teachers at the wide-eyed direct introduce children to the basic concepts of mathematics, language, science, and companionable studies. They countenance children in the development of good study and work habits and help them aquire the skills incumbent for further information. They evaluate each child and work with parents to provide whatsoever help a child may need to develop his or her full potential. primary(a) give instruction teachers are also concerned with the social development and health of their students.They work to resolve behavior or temper problems and are alert to health problems or illness. In these early years, teachers quiz to give students as much individual attention as possible. Elementary prepare teachers normally instruct one class of children in several(prenominal) beats. They are occupied directly with children for most of the school day, although they also unionize lessons, meet with parents, attend faculty meetings, and supervise activities after school. Working Conditions visual perception students develop new skills and gain an appreciation of knowledge and learningn keep be very rewarding.However, instruct may be frustrating when the teacher has to deal with unmotivated and disrespectful students. Teachers may also expeirience stress when deali ng with extensive classes and heavy workloads. Teachers face isolation from their colleagues since they often work alone in a classroom of students. However, this autonomy provides teachers with freedom to choose there protest teaching methods. Including school duties performed outside the classroom, many teachers work more than 40 hours a week. Most teachers work the traditional 10-month school year with a 2-month vacation during the summer.Teachers who teach 10 months may teach in the summer, larn other jobs, travel, or persue other personal interests. more inroll in college phone line or workshops to continue their didactics. Teachers in districts with a year-round schedule usually work 8 weeks, and are on vacation for 1 week, and afford a 5-week midwinter. Places of Employment Elementary teahcers work in every geographical area. They work in cities and towns of all sizes and in rural areas through with(predicate)out the joined States. Elementay school teachers generall y work in unsubdivided schools.The grades in elementary schools vary only many schools consist of kindergaten through fifth grade. Although it changes from differentiate to articulate, the elementary level usually includes kindergaten through sixth grade. knowledge and cookery All states and the District of Columbia engage that elementary school teachers in the public schools be certified by the state board of training, the state superintendent of eduaction, or a certification advisory commitee. The general prerequisites are a bachelors degree, completion of an approved teacher schooling program, and a period of supervised teacher education program.Many states require a certain grade point average in education courses before granting certification. Certification may also be specific to the level being taught or it may be specific to a specialization. Many teacher education programs include courses in the psychology of learning, child development, and teaching methods. Thirt y-five ststes test basic skills, teaching skills, or specific subject matters for those seeking certification, and almost all require continuing certification for recertification.Teachers digest also earn regional or national accreditation, the lattter granted by the study Council for Accreditation of Teaching Education (NCATE). Teachers in private schools are non generally required to take a teachers education program, and private schools often do not require the bachelors degree. Job Outlook In 1986 there were more than 1. 5 one thousand million elementary school teachers for about 30 million students in classes from kindergarten through the eigth grade. More than 80 percent work in the oublic school dust and teach in schools with classes from kindergarten through the sixth grade.Through the year 2000 the bind for elementary school teachers should increase in response to increased enrollments. However, the modus operandi of teachers is also expected to increase, so there s hould be strong competitor for jobs. Oppurtunities are same(p)ly to be better in the West and the South, where tribe has risen dramatically in the past decade. Hiring for the public schools depends entirly on compute appropriations, which depend in turn on taxpayers priorities. condescension the importance of teaching, education competes with other essential services for revenue dollars.Salary Range harmonize to the National Education Association, the estimated average salary of all public elementary and secondary school teachers in the 1995-1996 school year was $37,900. Private school teachers generally earn less than public school teachers. In 1996, all over half of all public school teachers belonged to unions-mainly the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association-that agreement with school systems over wages, hours, and the terms and conditions of study.In somewhat schools, teachers receive extra pay for coaching sports and working with studen ts in two-timing(a) activities. Some teachers earn extra income during the summer working in the school system or in other jobs. Personal Characteristics/Related Occupations/Promotions Elementary school teachers require a wide variety of skills and aptitude, including a endowment for working with children organizational, administrative, and recordkeeping abilities research and communication skills the power of influence, motivate and train others sedulousness and creativity.Workers in other occupations that require some of these skills are college and university faculty, counselors, education administrators, employment interviewers, librarians, preschool teachers, public realations specialists, sales representatives, social workers, and trainers and employee development specialists. With additional preparation, teachers may flow into positions as school librarians, reading specialists, curriculum specialists, or guidance coundelors. Teachers may also start out administrators or supervisors, although the number of these positions is limited and competition for these suitable positions can be intense.In some systems, highly qualified, expeirienced teachers can become senior or mentor teachers, with higher pay and additional responsibilities. They hire and assist less expieienceed teachers while keeping most of their teaching responsibilities. as well as a teacher may receive a promotion in pay with the completion of additional teaching courses. With each year a teacher teaches in a certain district, the pay increases. What you can do now to prepare There are many things that one can do to prepare for a career of elementary education.Someone who would like to become an elementary teacher should try finding a leave-taking time or volunteer job involving children. Such jobs include preschool teachers, encamp counselors, or even baby-sitting. By working with children you will show yourself whether or not you have the dependability, good judgement, creativit y, and patience that one must have in order to become a elementary teacher. Lifestyle Implications Despite what many heap think, the teaching profession does not end when school is over. There are many lifestyle implications for teachers. Many things must be done at home.Such things include the planning of lessons, the grading of tests, preparedness corrections, faculty meetings, supervising extracurricular activities as well as the somatic strain of being in charge of 25 children for six to vii hours a day for five days a week. Many people have thoughts of going into the teaching profession for the reason that they think they have summers off and that work ends when school does but this is not true. Reasons for Choosing the Career I think everyone has there own reasons for choosing teaching as there profession, but most teachers have similar reasons.Most teachers go into teaching because they indispensableness to educate and see children learn. One scrams a feeling of satisfa ction when they get through to children and see that the students are learning. I think most teachers go into the career because they care very much for children. When the school year is over, a teacher can look back at the year and crystallise that it is because of them that the children learned and are ready to go on with there education to a higher level of learning. One should be sure about teaching before entering the field because it is a very declamatory profession to take on.Geographic Job Index How to Break into the heavens Professional Associations/Periodicals In 1996, over half of all public school teachers belonged to unions. The two main associations are the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association. These associations deal with a large range of issues and challenges affecting the teaching profession. They bargain with school systems over wages, hours, and the terms and conditions of employment. Both of these association have there own pe riodicals that deal with education-realted issues afeecting the profession.

Non Probability Sampling Method Which Is Judgement Sampling Accounting Essay

The enquiry design for our survey is utilizing the quantitative method. Bcox the bulk of training needed for our research is derived from figures, Numberss acquired from one-year studies and expressions.Population and sampling processsNon-probability trying method which is conception trying. Judgment sampling is a shape of purposive trying whr the research worker s judgement is used in choosing the essay s elements.We leave analyse the one-year studies of the companies from yeara ground of the period is bcox the latest amendment on FRSPopulation that we hav chosen in the research undertaking dwell of separately(prenominal) companies listed in chief boardaMain board companies were chosen as our population bcox handiness and credibleness of entropyrmations and their higher influence in Malaysia scotch system.The followerss samples choice standards are set to guarantee the completeness of informations and truth of consequence must(prenominal) be a listed companry prior to twel vemonth 2005.no alterations in fiscal twelvemonth terminal during 2005amust non be PN4 and PN 17 companiesCompanies ordain be classified as PN 4 and PN 17 cmopanies when the external hearers hav expressed indecent or disclaimer sentiment on their latest audited Air flake Command, confronting inability to fork out a solvency declaration through Practice label 1/2001 or due to the suspension or ceased of any or a major portion of its operations.must non be investing tutelage companies, existent estate investemnet keeping companies and fiscal establishments bcox their nature of game or operation is significantly diff from the other industries.Must hav complete one-year studies during the sample periods.Data aggregation methodWill utilize secondary informations which is one-year studies collected from Osiris database. From one-year studies, we will roll up informations on net uncouth revenues, EBIT, EBITDA, mkt repute, replete(p) assest, entire debt, figure of discussion sect ions the h all told diversifies. Share monetary honour establish on the companies fiscal twelvemonth terminal will retrieved from Yahoo Finance nett site the figure of outstanding portions will be retrieved from one-year studies to shoot for market respect of foretoken.In one-year study, look into segmented compositioning subdivision to place the figure of sections the company has and besides to obtain the info on the section gross revenues, EBIT and plus.SIC codifications are for digit.. All companies take a leak their ain registered SIC codification, so will sort into several industries based on 10 industries provided in www.siccode.com ( list of industries is attached in appurtenance ) .Fan and Lang ( 2000 ) said that to capture the relatedness, if two industries do non portion the kindred two- , three- or four-digit SIC codification, they classify it as unrelated and frailty versa. If all sections in a preindication portion the same 2-digit SIC codifications, this house will be classified as single-segmented house If a house s sections do non portion the same 2-digit SIC codifications, this house will be classified as multi-segmented house.Operationalisation and measuringDetermine whether CD will increase or diminish steadfast repute, we apply method used by BERGER and OFEK ( 1995 ) to pop off the plain order for each house in our sample. The definition of special value is existent market value of the house ( measuered as mkt value of equity plus book value of debt ) minus entire imputed value of that house s industrial sections measured as stand-alone entities. Next, work the extra value for single-segmented houses to compare with multi=segmented houses in our analysis subsequently. For a individual metameric house, he imputed value for that one section is equivalent to the imputed value of the whole house. base on this method, signle-segmented houses within a fantastic patience are used as benchmark to calculate an imputed value s tep of the same industrial section of a multi-segmented house. We calculate the imputed value of each section of a multi-segmentd house by multiplying the average two-fold of entire capital to accounting point ( assets, gross revenues, or EBIT ) of all signle-segmented houses in the same industry for that peculiar twelvemonth with that section s degree of acc point ( a ) . We use acc point such as section s salesaa calculate the gross revenues multiplier, EBIT multiplier, and plus multiplier in order to cipher imputed values and later house s extra value. The amount of imputed values of a company s sections estimates the value of house if all of its sections are operated as stand-alone game. verbalism Formula Natural logarithm is used to avoid prejudice that could originate with compulsory value measuring graduated table.Example, to calculate extra value utilizing the gross revenues multiplier, we multiply the industry average multiple of capital-to-sales for the stand-alone houses in the sections industry by the sections gross revenues to obtain imputed capital of the section. We repeat this procedure for each of the house s sections, and so sum to obtain the house s imputed value. Finally, we find the fim s extra value by taking the essential logarithm of the raito of house s entire capital to entire imputed value. adept extra issue that arises with EBIT step is how to handle sections with negative EBITs whr multiplier attacks adopt non tyhpically assign negative imputed value to a house s section with negative net incomes. We address this issue by replacing the EBIT multiplier imputed value with the section s gross revenues multiplier imputed value. As for the computing of the average multiplier, negative EBIT sections are excluded in the computation.Finally, if there is a positivie extra value, it indcates that cadmium addition house value as a whoel beyond that of their stand-alone opposite numbers. On the oteh manus, a negative d xcess value indicates that Cadmium reduces steadfast value as a whooe.Reason we use the theree multiplier attacks alternatively of merely gross revenues multiplier bcox there were some trial-and-error grounds that showed that segmental reported gross revenues were undependable ( BODNAR, TANG, &038 A WEINTROP, 2003 ) . Givoly, Hayn, and DSouza ( 1993 ) esteem the quality of section coverage and concluded that ascribing value straight from circulating(prenominal) profitableness of section would be more than straight linked to house s value compared to segmental reported gross revenues and assets. Theoretical theory-based accounts of managerial revelation determinations suggest that directors may hav inducements to misstate section informations to both suppliers of capital and merchandise market rivals ( BERGER &038 A OFEK, 1995 ) . Their ability to misstate depends on the finesse directors have to apportion dollars between sections. Since section assets must be specifically id entifiable with the section for which they are reported, there is small discretion to misstate them. Directors do hav some ability to apportion gross revenues, and great discretion to apportion disbursals, so EBIT multiplier ansd gross revenues multiplier were more vulnerable to use than ascribing section s value from plus multiplier. Therefore, we report consequences for all three multipliers to better truth.Data Analysis MethodDescriptive StatisticssDS which describe the basic characteristics of the informations and supply simple sum-ups about the sample and step to analyse our informations bcox it shows and represents our research informations scattering in a more reasonable manner. In our research, we prepare a drumhead statistics for distribution of house s extra value steps derived from theree diff multiplier attacks for single-segmented houses and multipsegmented houses. We report the mean, average, manner, standard mistake, standard divergence, sample discrepancy, kurtosi s, lopsidedness, and scope and impudence degree for all the companies for 3 old ages. Besides, we analyze the figure of single-segmented houses and multi-segmented houses for all the samples for 2 old ages it is representd in the saloon chart. Furthermroe, we anlaysze the per centum of sectors in overall samples we illustrate it by utilizing a pie chart. This is to place which sector is more popular in Malaysia. All descriptive statistics willb e prepared harmonizing to observations over the period signifier a.. in order to hav more penetrations and to execute tendency analysis.Based on the DS, we hav found out that our consequence is non usually distributed. Hence, non-parametric trials will be used to prove on our research objectives to avoid consequences organize be biased due to outliers.dreambecause you canhere, you are perfectanything is possibleits the least you can makeso travel on languida?s???e?acs?????a?a a??a? a??a?a??e?e?i??a? ???c??z?csi??a?c?Zcs???a??e??e?????a? ?e??cse????a? a?e??a?scs?a?i??a???cs?????a?a???a??i??a??a?cca?a?s???a?a?i??a a??a? a??a?i??

A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory

INTRODUCTION It is true of everything that the scratch steps ate both the closely important and the most difficult. To begin with, theorization consists of a set of definitions of concepts. The basic concepts be the eclectic system of the multinational initiative (MNE)(1) atomic number 18 currently being criticized by the naturalisation theorists(2) in that the will power utility is branched counting, that is, the incorporation and spatial relation factors be indispensable and sufficient to explain the existence and gain of the MNE.The contr everyplacesy seems to require a vivid query of the concept of the experienceership good. However, the examination should extend further afield. Our objective in this paper is to assess critically the deuce-ace basic concepts in the eclectic theory, i. e. , the self-will advantage, the incorporation advantage, and the location advantage and to suggest the beginnings of an secantary framework to deal with the MNE and FDI (i. e. , hostile aspire investment). REDUNDANCY OF THE OWNERSHIP ADVANTAGESome Features of the Electic Theory head start of all, we must set up the orient of our examination. The eclectic theory, Mark I, as advocated by Dunning is as follows Dunning 198179 1. It (i. e. , the unswerving) possesses net self-will advantages counterpart firms of other nationalities in serving position grocery stores. These possession advantages largely take the nervous strain of the possession of in visible assets, that argon, at least(prenominal) for a period of time, exclusive or specific to the firm possessing them. . Assuming author 1 is satisfied, it must be more beneficial to the green light possessing these advantages to use them itself kinda than to sell or lease them to foreign firms, that is, for it to internalize its advantages through an extension of its own activities rather than externalize them through licensing and identical contracts with independent firms. 3.Assuming co nditions 1 and 2 argon satisfied, it must be net profitable for the enterprise to utilize these advantages in conjunction with at least some factor inputs (including natural resources) outside its home country differently foreign commercialiseplaces would be served entirely by exports and domestic markets by domestic production. quartette features of the eclectic theory should be renowned here, as far as they are concerned with our argument. Firstly, needless to say, the concept of the advantage is a relative concept i. e. advantage of a firm vis-a-vis the others tauto system of logically convey their disadvantage vis-a-vis the firm. The advantage is understand from the viewpoint of frugal competitiveness and profitability, and therefore it takes the form of an economic asset whether tangible or intangible. Thus, the asset valuate is measured by capitalizing the stream of expected in store(predicate) earnings by means of the rate of return. Secondly, the concept of inte rnalization is interpreted as internalization of an ownership advantage rather than that of an fallible market. 3) Thirdly, the existence per se of the ownership advantage has cipher to do with the internalization thus, the ownership advantage is logically independent of the internalization advantage. Finally, the ownership advantage is logically independent of the location advantage thus, the ownership advantage can be measured without referring to location factors. (4) The Logic of the Internalization Theory let us focus on the second and third features and compare them with the basic logic of the internalization theory. The distinctive feature of the internalization theory is its recognition that the firm is an economic institution, the objective of which is to maximize profit (i. e. , super-normal profit in the Marshallian sense) in the world of market weakions. The firm attempts to maximize its revenue and diminish its cost the firm maximizes its organizational benefits aft(prenominal) remunerating all the factors of production, R&D, marketing, and prudence.Firstly, if arms-length markets are inefficient and incur huge performance be, the firm would replace them with its unified ownership and control (i. e. , the internal quasi-market)(6) and minimize its internalization costs(7) i. e. , the internalization of markets. Secondly, if no market exists for external economies defined to be cloistered costs minus neighborly costs), the firm would bring them under common ownership and control and prevent them from leaking outside i. e. , the internalization of externalities. 8) Thirdly, if internal economies defined to be insular benefits and, at the same time, genial benefits) are expected after totally eliminating markets, whether internal or external, the firm would not only internalize the markets that also commove and rationalize the activities under the common ownership and control i. e. , desegregation under internalization. (9,10) g rocery store imperfections may exist in final-product markets as well as in intermediate-product markets of corporeal products (i. e. components and semi-finished products) and intellectual products (i. e. , knowledge or culture). final-product markets, merely imperfect they are, the firms cannot internalize markets since, needless to say, consumers are independent of producers and merchants. They can only arise super-normal profit by manipulating their market power. line of merchandise that although some academics misunderstood,(11) there is no tell that the internalization increases efficiency and social eudaemonia in both intermediate- and final-product markets.On the contrary, it is quite realistic that the internalization by the MNE creates imperfect arguing or monopolistic (monopsonistic) situations and thus increases social costs by means of constraining the output of high-tech goods, building up an entry barrier by erect and/or horizontal integration, effective co llusion, and so on It is also quite possible that the integration takes part in restricting tilt and more than offsets its positive benefits in social welfare. (12,13) In relation to social costs, we should sacrifice some attention to a upstart concept, perceived relations costs. Transaction costs can be classified into trine categories i. e. , those inherent in commodity proceeding per se,(14) those inherent in oligopolistic or imperfect competitor, and those originating from government regulations. (15) Oligopolistic or imperfect competition places competitors in a situation of precariousness in respect of potential transaction costs as a ensue of arrns-length transactions. Concerns about the dissipation of valuable information may well inflate the value of subjectively perceived transaction costs to the extent of virtually prohibiting arms-length transactions.Uncertainty in oligopolistic or imperfect competition creates self-inflating feature to the perceived transaction costs. Certain embedded social relations stipulate pure economic rationality(16) and affect the prime(a) of internalization. Furthermore, bounded and creeping rationality of the management makes the strategy (i. e. , choosing between internalization, integration, and arms-length transactions) fairly located once it has been decided upon. 17) Internalization, in these circumstances, may be perceived as private-cost minimization, but not as social-cost minimization. 18 other important feature of the internalization theory is that it expounds interrelations between production, R&D, marketing, and management. (19) The internalization of the markets and externalities of these activities and their integration generate the advantages of the firm over the others. The firm may exercise its market power when it internalizes and integrates them, so as

In relation to mertons strain theory, consider whether crime is the product of blocked opportunities

The basis of Mertons Strain Theory lies with Emile Durkheim and his speculation of anomie in so far-off as anomie is translated as deregulation or normlessness. Durkheim unquestionable the concept of anomie in his book, Suicide, promulgated in 1897 to refer to the privation of accessible regulation in modern inn as one condition that promotes higher(prenominal) rates of suicide. He retrieved that individuals possessed an unlimited appetite of aspirations and it was up to baseball club to set much(prenominal) an appetite.According to Durkheim, the appetites were regulated by the collective conscience of clubhouse meaning multitude were bound to masterher by their prevalent morals and beliefs. However, if this mechanism failed or was remarkablely weakened, anomie would occur. An anomic state would relinquish in people limitless appetites that could settlement in a variety of deviate behaviours. It was after reading Durkheims work that Merton charge himself the task of discovering what produces anomie (Hunt, 196158)Robert Merton was a criminologist who use Durkheims definition of anomie to modern industrial societies, with specific idiom on the linked States of America, and redefined the term. According to Merton, anomie is the form that mixer incoherence allow ins when thither is a signifi adviset detachment amongst valued hea then(prenominal)ish ends and a original societal office to those ends (Akers, 2000143). Anomie can be disjunct into two distinct separate categories macroside and microside. Macroside is caused when society fails to establish clear aspiration limits and is uneffective to regulate society members conduct.It is the microsided category that is much car parkly referred to as subscriber line, which focuses its attention on the breakdown of society and the increased levels in deviance, which is associated with this declining change that produces a stronger pressure among society members to commit crime. (Calhoun, 2003). Strain is the pressure that is primed(p) on disadvantaged minority groups, where the freeze off societal population take whatever effective means to income and success that they can find even if those means argon illegal (Akers, 2000144), and Durkheim classified two strains of strain individual and structural.Individual strain is describe as the personally created stress that is accomplish by the person while they anticipate for a means of meeting the of necessity they define by dint of their personal stayations. structural strain applies to members of the society who determine what their demand are based on societal ideas and are constantly battling to achieve these ideals (OConnor, 2003). adjacent on from this, when Merton introduced his cosmopolitan strain theory, as aspirations increase and expectations decline, delinquency and the amount of deviant behaviour that occurs increases in effect to these changes.Merton accept that certain expectations created by these two general types of strain and went on to identify vanadium specific modes of adaptation to tackle these strains (Akers, 2000144). Merton began his expansion on anomie by stating at that place are two elements of loving and heathen structure. The first structure is culturally charge finishs and aspirations (Merton, 1938672). These are the things that all individuals should want and expect egress of life, including success, money, satisfying possessions etc.The here and now aspect of the social structure defines the delicious mode for achieving the name and addresss and aspirations set out by society (Merton, 1938673). This is outlined as the gratifying and appropriate expression that people get both what they want and what they expect out of life, fro ensample obeying laws and societal norms, getting an teaching method and working hard through life. It is evaluate that in order for society to champion a normative function there must be a dimension between a spirations and means in which to consummate these aspirations (Merton, 1938673-674).Balance would then occur as long as the individual matte that he was achieving this culturally desired closing by conforming to the institutionally accepted mode of doing so (Merton, 1938674). Put in other words, there must be an intrinsic payoff, an internal satisfaction in playing by the rules as surface as an extrinsic payoff of achieving their determinations. It is too an important factor for all social classes to achieve these culturally desired goals through legitimate means, as if they are not, then illegitimate means might be employed to achieve the same goal.thither is however, sometimes a variation between goals and means with too much emphasis being placed on the goal itself and not the legitimate means by which it is achievable. For some members of the society, there is a lack of opportunity, which leads the individuals to a possible illegitimate way of achieving the goal. This, ac cording to Merton is how crime is bred overemphasis on material success and lack of opportunity for such material success leads to crime.As mentioned previously, to append his theory, Merton developed a list of 5 possible reactions to such a disparity between goals and means. The first of these is the most common Conformity. An individual facing this reaction accepts the goal alongside the institutionalize means. A number possible reaction would be Innovation. In this case, the individual accepts the goals facing him, but rejects the institutionalised means of attaining them.Then we have Ritualism, where the goal is rejected because the individual does not believe that it can be achieved but legitimate means are employed. Retreatism is where both the goal and the means are rejected. Merton used the example of the drug addict or alcoholic to demonstrate people who are in society, but do not take part in the function of that society. The fifth and final reaction is Rebellion. Merton reserved disorder for the individuals who, when frustrated, would elect to simply adopt a new social order and prompt of the old one.

Good Manners Are Infectious

From my perspective,it is my belief that right adroitness are infectious. As we all know,smiles are infectious. So do good manners. first-class honours degree of all,as we all live in a society,we back endnot escape the influence of others any more than we can escape the influence of the var. that we breathe. Thus,more or slight,showing good manners can have a positive exercise on those around us. For recitation,when other quite a little are waiting outside courteously for large number in the elevator to birth off first, exit you rush into the elevator?Or when you are in a subroutine library where most of the people keep quite,will you manage a phone or serve round big noise without perplexity? We dont exclude the possibility that some people will do this. However,I think the bulk would follow the good examples. Being undetermined to good manners,people are more promising to behave properly. Furthermore,I am convinced that good manners are powerful,for they can beam ones personality and assistant people to do out the one another with less barriers.Encouraging good manners can help circuit a fine example to the public and guide people to set up a correct morality. like a contagious disease,good manners unfold among people and slightly make some changes. These changes,slight as they may seem,can really make a different. If everyone has developed good manners,people will form a more proportionate relation. With the behavior of people improved,there will be progress in society. In a word,good manners are infectious and we should yield to obtain these.

Public Fiscal Administration Essay

mvirtuosotary Institutions and Fiscal Performance shifts emphasis emergedoor(a) from narrow sparing special(prenominal)ors to much broadly speaking secured semi semipolitical and mental hospitalal figures that advert goernment insurance and national debt. This aggregation brings to sign upher raw theoretical models, semiempirical evidence, and a series of in-depth case studies to crumble the effect of political institutions, fiscal regulations, and indemnity finiss on accumulating deficits. It digests a fascinating overview of the political and scotch issues involved and highlights the fiber of budgetary institutions in the formation of budget deficits. musical composition our roundtable considered differences surrounded by dickens grounds as points of departure, we believe the principles identified in our ex deepens give to separate verbalize environments as comfortably. In fact, a major objective of this report is to abet other postulates to cons ider these distrusts in light of their protest policies and performance. These be the ob act questions our roundtable participants suggested that any acres should fill as it desires to im prove the performance of its high(prenominal) pedagogy institutions in advancing habitual priorities.1. To what extent has a pronounce delimit the commonplace purposes it sojourns high(prenominal) grooming institutions to overhaul accomplish? Are the purposes a take seeks to earn through its colleges and universities distinctly supply? Do institutional leadership and politymakers plowshare a common under concentrateing of those purposes? A first step for any conjure up that seeks to improve the performance of its high(prenominal) raising agreement is to pose and worldly concern eithery deliberate a core answer of questions concerning that carcass What is the rule that justifies a recounts spending for institutional annexation, capital construction, or fiscal realise? Is that rationale blow overly rigd? Is it consciously examined, debated, and reaffirmed at official intervals in the arenas of unexclusive insurance? Or arrest the arguments that justify a give ins expenditures for high upbringing fail vestiges of a distant past, subject to differing memories and interpretations? A advance contends the political go forth to set the universal agenda-to formulate lapse definitions of the reality purposes it expects high pedagogics institutions to suspensor attain. As the fates of society itself evolve, the ends a carry seeks to get hold of through its colleges and universities thunder mug also change. For this reason, the question of high reproductions purpose in advancing the resign-supported weal needs to be revisited periodically.At the same time, a tell needs to assess how intumesce the policies and broadcasts currently in place actually compass their intended goals. In the absence of much(prenominal) periodic reviews, reads tend to increase their expectations of high upbringing institutions-to add new expectations-without considering how the new expectations relate to those in place from an antecedent time. States moldiness also work to detect a balance in the midst of the organic evolution of their knowledge national purposes on the one hand and the evolution of institutional goals on the other. A severalize that allows unspoken and understood priorities to prevail over principles that are realityly debated and affirmed effectively accords much self-direction to institutions in pursuing their own directions. Ultimately, asserts that do non articulate their purposes may come nigh themselves maintaining institutions for reasons that are increasingly vague and ambiguous.2. How well do a acress fiscal appropriation practices align with the tramps of its high(prenominal)(prenominal) command policies? What combination of insurance insurance mandate and ince ntives is intimately effective in incite institutions toward the act of humankind purposes? Providing a rationale and framework for supporting high(prenominal)(prenominal) tuition institutions is half the task confronting claim policymakers. done a combination of statutory say-so and resource allocation, a obligation essentialiness work to realise that institutions fulfill the earthly concern purposes its policymakers live with identified. The authority of facts of lifeal policy derives from the constitutional power of a put forwards take representatives. time respecting the available flexibility of high(prenominal) fostering institutions, these officials military service determine institutional priorities by establishing evidence policies.Beyond the mandate of policy, however, a press out must be go forthing to attach the resources needed to achieve given purposes. A states budgetary appropriation to institutions is a just about telling command of or dinary policy with regard to higher education by the follow and the sympathetic of funding it provides, a state sends an uttered or implicit signal about its priorities for higher education. For reasons beyond its control, a state may slightlytimes fail to provide fit funding for institutions to carry out its public purposes to the extent or at the level of quality it desires. While out of the blue(predicate) short conks in the budget are needed in near(a) years, a state that organizationatically underfunds its higher education frame loses some ability to decide institutions in terms of quality or direction.Ultimately, a state and its higher education system need to define what constitutes a sound exchange of product for price. While some institutions prefer formula- pick outn or incremental increases in the funding they receive, public officials have from time to time sought to link a tract of an institutions funding to the achievement of a special(prenominal) objecti ve, such as enrollment, retention, or degree completion. A state must exercise caution to condition that the funding incentives it establishes in fact touch off the behaviors it desires in institutions. The international locating of our roundtable provided a telling example of the need for policymakers to ensure that the fulfillment of a public purpose falls indoors the interests of institutions themselves. southwest Africa, until recently, used the technique of penalizing institutions whose educatees did not achieve acceptable levels of performance. Rather than spurring institutions to advance heightened achievement in their existing student bodies, this policy often caused higher education institutions to seek higher-achieving students in order to rid of incurring penalty, in effect increase the barriers to access for some(prenominal) students. The country is at once finalizing a new funding system with incentives to institutions that improve the performance of lower-ach ieving students. Fiscal schema is not the only means by which a state kindle entice institutional behavior. If designed carefully, with an awareness of what motivates institutions, however, the continuative of funding with the achievement of public purposes toilet be an effective means of alter a states higher education performance.3. To what extent do a states tuition and financial serve policies contri exclusivelye to increased higher education elaborateness and completion? The amount of tuition charged at public institutions, in addition to state programs of financial support and assistance, are central cistrons of a states fiscal policy. It sometimes occurs that a states public officials have not formulated an univocal policy regarding tuition, and in such instances, the genuinely lack of specificity constitutes a policy decision. A aboriginal lesson from the AIHEPS research and from experience in many another(prenominal) other settings is the importance of need-ba sed programs of financial aid and assistance to foster higher education participation and completion among the most needy. Financial aid is the area in which a states higher education policy intersects most intimately with federal programs the kinds of financial aid a state makes available in conjunctive with Pell Grants and other federal aid programs define the contours of affordability for students in that setting. Both New jersey and New Mexico exemplify a affectionate commitment to access, and twain(prenominal) take square(a) steps to ensure that financial need does not proceed a barrier to enrolling and completing a degree program in a college or university.In addition to its need-based programs of financial aid, New Mexicos commitment to access results in a remarkably low tuition at the states public institutions of higher education. The experience of many state policy environments makes clear, however, that low tuition in itself does not guarantee access for stud ents. explodeicularly in sparsely populated settings, where higher education institutions may be a respectable distance from a students home, the decision to attend college entails a add up of financial commitments that low tuition in itself heapnot benefactor a student to meet. Need-based financial aid is a critical element for any state that seeks to enhance the participation of students who have limited financial means. one and only(a) of the most notable developments during the past some(prenominal) years is the growth in programs that swag aid on the basis of academician merit without regard for financial need. tabuns merit-based program of financial aid, destiny Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE), has proven to be a model for similar programs in other states. In New Mexico, the merit-based drawing Success Scholarship Program has wrick enormously general with voters, policymakers, and institutions alike.As with many other aspects of public policy, merit-based programs of financial aid tend to provide greatest improvement to members of the middle class. No elected public official cornerstone fail to perceive the political benefit of programs that are popular with the largest block of voters in a state. Merit-based aid programs exemplify a different policy objective from that of providing financial assistance to the most needy. A states demand in providing such aid is to encourage much of its highest-achieving students to remain in the state-first by enrolling in its higher education institutions, and past, ideally, by choosing to live and work in the state after kickoff, thus enhancing a states educational capital. Merit-based programs have for sure succeeded in attracting more(prenominal) of the highest-achieving students to pursue their bachelors degree degrees in their home state in doing so, they have relieved many high-achieving, in the main middle-class students and their parents of substantial costs they cogency othe rwise have incurred in care institutions out of state. Students of this type tend to have considerable mobility after graduation, however, and it is less clear whether merit-based programs encourage more of them to remain in a state after completing their degrees. Much of the controversy centers on the question of whether a states coronation in merit-based financial aid occurs at the expense of its commitment to need-based aid.Most of those states that have invested in merit-based programs of aid during the past several(prenominal) years did not have sinewy historical commitments to need-based aid. In those cases, the introduction of merit-based aid has done no harm to students with greater financial need in fact, some needy students have benefited because they qualify for the merit-based programs. In states that have begun to blend merit-based with need-based commitments, however, it often appears that the appeal of merit aid has diminished the perceptual experience of importanc e attached to need-based programs. Beyond the writ large political popularity of merit-based aid, a state must ask whether such programs yield a long-term benefit of encouraging more of the best and brightest to remain in the state as workers and citizens. If the answer is no, the question then becomes whether the dollars expended in merit-based programs might be more effectively spent enhancing programs that enable more of those with greatest financial need to attend college.4. What section does the state port authorisation-typically distributively a higher education giving medication or set up room- fore join forces to ensure that a states higher education institutions conduct effectively to the achievement of public purposes? To what extent is institutional mission a factor in determining the responsibilities of institutions in fulfilling public purposes? Nearly all(prenominal) state in the United States has one or more agencies that serve as intermediaries between a st ates lawmakers and its higher education institutions. The level of authority vested in a state port wine elbow room varies some states have a governing body board with regulatory authority over public institutions, others a coordinating board that serves in primarily steering and vigilance capacities. The notable exception to this rule is the four-year area in Michigan, which has no formal user porthole histrionics. Michigans public universities cuss on a council of presidents to achieve a unified approach in relations with the states lawmakers.While presidents of four-year universities stand in accord on many issues, each institution appeals individually to the legislature and governor in the states budget process, and the amount of funding each institution receives is a direct belong of its historical allocation, modestly adjusted by lobbying private roads. A state higher education user interface berth whoremaster help reduce the inherent competition among publ ic colleges and universities. In addition, an effective governing or coordinating board can play a vital component in making a states system of higher education more efficient, more successful, and more accountable in terms of educational performance. The interface room itself must be accountable both to the public purposes a state has defined and to the needs of higher education institutions within the system it serves. An effective interface position can encourage quislingism among institutions it can work in behalf of all colleges and universities to influence state government and it can gather and provide information that documents changes in performance. maven of the key roles a governing or coordinating board plays is that of providing information that influences decision making both in state government and in individual institutions.The information disseminated by an interface place can contribute substantially to the effectiveness of the states higher education system, part to sustain the interest of institutional leaders and policymakers in performance. The periodic distribution of comparative data helps sharpen and renew public officials understanding of the purposes a state seeks to achieve through its higher education institutions, small-arm also reminding institutional leaders of the criteria that valuate an institutions performance. Indeed, the international perspective of the AIHEPS project makes clear that the presence or absence of information in a given environment is itself a policy issue. One of the major differences between higher education environments in the United States and Mexico is the availableness of information for evaluative or strategical purposes. In Mexico, the scarcity of information and the fact that most data are controlled by institutions often impede the work of up the performance of higher education systems. While the gathering and distribution of information are of the essence(predicate) functions of an inte rface internal representation, these roles in themselves will not ensure improvement in the performance of a states higher education system.An interface agency cannot be effective if it is a political weakling it needs some appreciate of authority to motivate the behavior of institutions toward desire ends, whether in the form of incentives or plainly the consistent support of sensible decisions by the governor and Legislature. Certainly, the amount of resources available to an interface agency is an important part of the par no statewide board can hope to be effective if it lacks sufficient funding and staff. Ideally, the effectiveness of an interface agency rests on its power to influence elected policymakers and to craft policies and incentives that make the achievement of a states policy goals fall within the self-interest of institutions themselves. The interface agency often plays a central role in devising appropriate evaluates of institutional responsibility that help to ensure complaisance with a states policy objectives for higher education.Even though expenditures for higher education now constitute a smaller share of state budgets, state support of higher education has freehanded in real dollars during the past two decades, and public officials naturally seek to ensure that the dollars invested yield discernible results. In some settings, a states drive for institutional accountability has led to confrontations over such matters as faculty productiveness or the assessment of student learning. The interface agency plays a critical role in any successful effort to conjoin public officials press for accountability with higher educations traditions of familiarity in the means of fulfilling its educational mission. An interface agency can help fabricate accountability measures that provide a important index of progress in merging a states goals for higher education. It can also ensure that conjectural reports of performance reach legis lators and the general public on a timely basis. A state governing or coordinating board is by definition an agency that provides both support of and guidance to institutions as they pursue their individual strategic goals. organization boards of individual colleges and universities can slowly become captives of an institutions own ambitions, advocating those particular interests even at the expense of achieving broader state policy objectives. While affording institutions some measure of protection from the fluctuations of state politics, the interface agency helps ensure that individual institutions evolve in directions that are consistent with state policy goals. One of the issues an interface agency can help address is the degree to which institutional mission should be a factor in the question of accountability to a states public purposes.  made degree completion, for example, is a goal that has implication to every higher education institution. only should every institu tion be held evenly accountable to a single graduation rate?Because institutions with different missions may serve different kinds of student populations, holding every institution equally accountable to a particular measure may prove neither efficient nor desirable. At the same time, institutional mission can easily come to reflect an institutions aspiration to grow in directions that do not meet the greatest public need. Just as a states expectations of higher education change over time, mission often becomes a moving target, changing to accommodate the institutions internally driven goals-such as implementing more selective under grade admissions, establishing graduate programs, or expanding sponsored research programs-even if those purposes are execute elsewhere in a states higher education system.The interface agency plays a critical role in facilitating a sustained fundamental interaction between a states policymakers and its higher education institutions. In so doing, it he lps ensure the continued strength and adaptability of policies to which all institutions are held accountable. No higher education institution that benefits from public funding should get an automatic pass on its liability to help fulfill the public agenda, but a state should not expect every institution to achieve particular purposes in the same way. Finally, it is fitting that a state should seek to hold institutions accountable for the what but certainly not the how of achieving public purposes.5. What steps has a state taken to build the infrastructure and encourage higher education institutions to collaborate-with one another, with K-12 schools, with calling and sedulousness-in order to foster the goal of improved set as well as stinting development? State policymakers play a key role in creating an environment that fosters quislingism between higher education institutions and other agents in areas that effect economic and civic vitality. As major stakeholders, colleges a nd universities contribute to and depend on the educational and economic well-being of a states population. The development of more concerted partnerships between these institutions and K-12 schools is a key element in improving students preparation for higher education study-and ultimately in increasing the look of students who pursue postsecondary education. By the same token, higher educations partnerships with bloodline and industry can contribute substantially to the benefits that a higher education confers. States in fetching geographic locations with fair climates can absorb an educational and economic advantage plainly because they draw many of the best and brightest from other settings.States that do not enjoy this advantage, however, must develop strategies to encourage higher education institutions to work with schools and other agencies, helping to increase both college participation and the economic benefits higher education provides to a states population. Co lleges and universities have the capacity to improve both measures by working in club with a states primary and secondary schools as their principal provider of students, as well as with business leaders, who employ substantial numbers of their graduates. A states most declare strategy in fostering collaboration is to create a framework and statewide incentives that help coordinate local initiatives. In this, as in other dimensions of achieving a states public purposes, the levers of policy can help make collaboration with other stakeholders seem to be in the best interests of higher education institutions themselves. Part of a states argufy in promoting collaboration between higher education and K-12 institutions is to overcome substantial ethnical barriers that exist between the two domains. Finally, the incentives a state creates for increased collaboration must be built on both sides, so that public schools and higher education institutions find their own interests served by working together.In general, it is community colleges as well as comprehensive universities with strong commitments to fosterage teachers that are most highly attuned to the challenges of K-12 schools, and to the evolving set of skills that business and industry leaders seek in their workforce. It is also true that the more numerous the expectations a state places on its higher education institutions, the easier it becomes for institutions to escape responsibility for those goals they find less conducive to their own ambitions. States must create conditions that make it have for higher education institutions to work with K-12 schools in improving students preparation for college. Equally important is a states role in fostering institutional partnerships with business and industry to help maximize the benefits that higher education confers to a states residents. If institutions choose not to participate in the achievement of such purposes, states must bring up means of encouragin g compliance. A state that lacks the means or the will to define and pursue its public priorities effectively accords its public institutions open license to pursue goals of their own choosing, with minimal regard to a states public purposes.